Next Thunder
مراسل حربي فريق التحرير
الـبلد : التسجيل : 02/01/2015 عدد المساهمات : 1158 معدل النشاط : 1904 التقييم : 92 الدبـــابة : الطـــائرة : المروحية :
| موضوع: مؤلف " البرنامج النووي الإيراني " :- مصر لم تحدد بعد رؤيتها بشأن البرنامج النووي الإيراني الجمعة 19 أغسطس 2016 - 20:42 | | | - اقتباس :
In discussing the reaction to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, referred to by the Persian acronym Barjam , predicting the next move of key regional powers—notably Egypt—has been particularly difficult for proliferation scholars. As mentioned in my previous analysis , Israel and Saudi Arabia offered guarded acceptance of the deal, but reserved the right to reevaluate their decision should Iran fail to comply with the deal. Israel has used an array of strategies to roll back Iran’s program, but it has not launched a preemptive attack on Iranian facilities because of intense divisions between the civilian and military leadership and a failure to secure American support. Saudi Arabia, a country that could have been expected to launch its own nuclear military program, according to the security model of proliferation, seems to have taken a low-key approach. The kingdom, under pressure from the United States, reluctantly accepted the JCPOA, but has worked on creating a hedging strategy should Iran abrogate the agreement. Like Israel and Saudi Arabia, Egypt offered guarded acceptance, but reserved the right to reevaluate its decision should Iran fail to comply with the deal. Egypt has had a stormy relation with the Iranian regime. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1979 and, despite several attempts at reconciliation, notably during the period of President Hosni Mubarak, they only resumed relations under President Mohamed Morsi and his Muslim Brotherhood in 2011. President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who replaced Morsi in 2014, has been much more critical. He has blamed Tehran for aiding the violent Muslim Brotherhood resistance and for helping to destabilize the Sinai Desert through the Iran- aligned Hamas forces in Gaza. Echoing Saudi grievances, Egyptian officials described Iran’s involvement in Yemen as not helpful. Egypt’s attitude toward Tehran’s nuclear project has differed from that of Saudi Arabia and Israel in ways that make it complex and occasionally contradictory. Egypt’s ambivalence toward nuclear energy in general and nuclear weapons in particular goes a long way toward explaining this complexity. Gamal Abdel Nasser, who became president in 1954, was among the first Middle East leaders to consider nuclear power. He created the Egyptian Atomic Energy Commission in 1954, which is currently known as the Atomic Energy Authority, and negotiated a number of agreements with the Soviet Union, under which Egypt received the ETRR-1 two-megawatt light-water research reactor, located in Inshas. After Israel unveiled the Dimona reactor in December 1961, Nasser stepped up its nuclear rhetoric. He announced that should Israel acquire nuclear weapons, “we would secure atomic weapons at any cost.” Indeed, Egypt tried to buy a heavy water–moderated reactor capable of producing plutonium, an alternative to the more arduous process of enriching uranium to weapon grade used in nuclear weapons. Reports at the time indicated that Nasser wanted the Soviet Union, China or India to supply Egypt with nuclear weapons. In line with his growing pan-Arabism, Nasser envisioned a pan-Arab nuclear force led by Egypt. The devastating loss in the Six-Day War in 1967, however, put Egypt’s nuclear ambition on pose. Neither President Anwar Sadat nor Hosni Mubarak, who succeeded him in 1981, were nuclear enthusiasts. As a matter of fact, the Mubarak administration was even lukewarm toward civilian nuclear technology. After a number of failed attempts, following the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster, negotiations to buy a nuclear reactor were terminated. Instead, in 1992 Egypt bought the ETRR-2 twenty-two-megawatt light-water reactor, which operates in the Nuclear Research Center in Inshas. According to the Nuclear Threat Initiative , Egypt experimented with uranium conversion and also the reprocessing of uranium and thorium. A storage facility in Inshas is said to contain three kilograms of uranium metal, some sixty-seven kilograms of imported uranium tetrafluoride, 9.4 kilograms of thorium compounds, one kilogram of uranium rods enriched to 10 percent, and very small quantities of domestically fabricated UF2, UF3 and UF4. Egypt imported most of the materials before joining the NPT, but failed to report them at the time. In addition, Egypt carried out experiments in nuclear reprocessing in a two-stage process. First, natural uranium was irradiated in its ETRR-1 and ETRR-2 research reactors. Second, the irradiated material was dissolved in nitric acid, which, as a rule, is used to recover plutonium-239. Nuclear reprocessing is controversial, because plutonium-239 is fissile and can be used to create an atomic bomb. Egypt denied that the process involved plutonium, but the IAEA cited Egypt for failing to declare the experiments in 2004. Having decided that acquiring nuclear weapons was prohibitive for economic and political reasons, Egypt, which joined the NPT in 1980, decided to push for a Middle East Nuclear-Free Zone. Mubarak embraced this idea and made it the so-called WMD-Free Zone, the core of Egyptian nuclear policy. The subsequently renamed Middle East Nuclear Weapons–Free Zone (MENWFZ) movement became a major irritant in relations between Cairo and Jerusalem. Israel has not joined the NPT, and never acknowledged its arsenal. Known as ambiguity (amimut ), this posture was a low-cost strategy to develop nuclear weapons without the censure of the international community. As a matter of fact, in the 1970s, the United States committed itself to shield Israel from pressure to join the NPT. But MENWFZ challenged this arrangement and the Egyptians pushed the United Nations to take up the initiative at the 1990 General Assembly meeting. During the 1995 NPT Review Conference, Egyptian representatives agreed to vote for the extension of the treaty in return for a promise to convene a separate meeting to discuss the Free Zone. Mohamed ElBaradei, the Egyptian diplomat who helmed the IAEA between 1997 and 2009, strongly encouraged this move. In his view, Western countries engaged in rank hypocrisy by turning a blind eye to Israel’s undeclared nuclear arsenal and its attack on the Syrian reactor in 2007, while harassing Iran. The nuclear chief was pleased with Egypt and other states in the Arab group that objected to the American drive to impose sanctions on Iran. He also supported Egypt’s continued efforts to convene a special conference on a nuclear-free zone, which was backed by Tehran. During a high-profile visit to Washington in September 2006, former president Mohammad Khatami called for denuclearizing the Middle East. On September 17, 2009, Egypt and Iran scored a victory when the General Assembly of the IAEA passed a resolution calling on Israel to join the NPT and open its program for inspection. The companion resolution was a first-of-its-kind appeal for a Nuclear Weapons–Free Zone in the Middle East. Egypt’s behavior was meant to constitute a point of misdirection—“ the more Iran pursues nuclear capabilities, the more Cairo rails against Israel’s Bomb .” But for the Egyptians, the attack on the Syrian reactor in 2007 was conclusive proof of the double standards that ElBaradei had railed against. Al Ahram denounced “the synchronized silence of the Arab world” and castigated other countries for ignoring the attack on a sovereign country. Egypt registered its protest by voting against sanctions on Iran during the 2009 meeting of the IAEA Board of Governors. As the leader of the 118-nation Non-Aligned Movement and the New Agenda Coalition—a group of eight influential countries, including Brazil and South Africa—Egypt has occupied a special position in shaping the nuclear agenda. Teaming up with Iran, it compelled the 2010 NPT Review conference to call for a special meeting in 2012 to discuss a regional WMD ban. Finland agreed to host the initiative, but, in November 2012, the United States intervened to postpone the gathering. America’s maneuvering outraged Egypt, where the MENWFZ has commanded substantial public support. According to a 2015 poll, 61 percent of the Egyptian public supported Iran’s right to nuclear weapons, even as 87 percent said Egypt should be developing its own arsenal. With 65 percent of the respondents lauding Morsi’s decision to reestablish diplomatic relations with Tehran, the poll also revealed Iran’s growing popularity in Egypt. After being declared in compliance of the NPT in January 2016, Iran has joined Egypt to push for a new conference, a stand that found support in the European Union and beyond. nationalinterest |
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Next Thunder
مراسل حربي فريق التحرير
الـبلد : التسجيل : 02/01/2015 عدد المساهمات : 1158 معدل النشاط : 1904 التقييم : 92 الدبـــابة : الطـــائرة : المروحية :
| موضوع: رد: مؤلف " البرنامج النووي الإيراني " :- مصر لم تحدد بعد رؤيتها بشأن البرنامج النووي الإيراني الجمعة 19 أغسطس 2016 - 20:53 | | | المقال ﻛﺘﺒﻪ (ﻓﺮﻫﺎﺩ ﺭﺿﺎﺋﻲ) ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ (ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﺎﻛﺎﺭﻳﺎ) ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ . ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ " ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ " ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ 2015-1979 . ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ: " ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ " وﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ المقال ..... :-
ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ( ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﻪ – ﺑﺮﻳﻢ) ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺭﺩ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ – ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﺼﺮ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ . ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ – ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﻔﻘﺖ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝ ﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻕ ..... ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍً .
- ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻫﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻭﻓﺸﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻲ . - ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺗﺨﺬﺕ ﻧﻬﺠﺎً ﺃﻗﻞ ﺣﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ .
- ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1979 ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ، ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻱ ﺣﺴﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻢ ( ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﺳﻰ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ) ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 2011 . ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻲ، ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺮﺳﻰ ﻓﻲ 2014 ﺣﺎﺳﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ . - ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﻃﻬﺮﺍﻥ (ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻝ) ﺑﺪﻋﻢ "ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ" ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻋﺰﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺀ , ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﻏﺰﺓ ﺑﺴﻼﺡ ﺗﻢ ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺀ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﺮّﺡ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻮﺭﻁ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ . - ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻕ ﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺟﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1954 ، ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄ "ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1954 ، ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﻤﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺓ 1 ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ( ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﺎﺹ) . - ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺩﻳﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 1961 ،ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻦ ( ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ) ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ، ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺘﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺫﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺛﻤﻦ . ﻭﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ - ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ (ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ ) . - ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺃﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺴﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1981 ، ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ . ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﺎﺗﺮﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ . ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﻴﺮﻧﻮﺑﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ 1986 ، ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1992 ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﺎﺹ . ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺟﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ . ((ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ 3 ﻛﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ، ﻭ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻏﺮﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩ tetrafluoride ،ﻭ 9.4 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻏﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺛﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ، ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻮﻏﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺐ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ 10 ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ، ﻭﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﺍً ﻣﻦ UF2 ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺎً، ﻭ UF3 ﻭ UF4 ﺑﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﺎﺹ )) .
- ﻗﺮﺭﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1980 ، ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺃﻭﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ . ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ .ﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ، ﻭﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ , ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺑﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻟﻼﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ . ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻻﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1990. ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻡ 1995 ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺓ . ﻛﺰﻋﻴﻢ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﻴﺎﺯ ,ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ . ﻭﺩﻋﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 2012 ﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺣﻈﺮ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ . ﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ، ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ 2012 ﺗﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺄﺟﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ . ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ 2016 ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺖ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ .
- ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺟﺪﺩ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ . ﻭﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ .
- ﻭﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ 2015ﻭﻗﻌّﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ 1,200 ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ، ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ . ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 2020 ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ . ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺭﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻀﻢ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺰﺯ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ .
- وﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ : ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻘﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ " ﺟﺒﻞ ﺣﻤﺰﺓ " . - ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﺴﺘﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺻﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺳﻜﻮﺩ - ﺏ . ( ( ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﻛﺪﺓ)) ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ B-100 ﺳﻜﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﺩﻭﻧﻎ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ . ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺬﺍﺋﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺻﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻳﻮﺕ -3 ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ . ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻟﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ 2014 ﻣﻊ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺻﺎﺭﻭﺥ ﺟﻮ -ﺟﻮ 2 ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﺴﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﺘﻲ 2000 ( S-300VM) .
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aboferas
عقـــيد
الـبلد : التسجيل : 08/05/2015 عدد المساهمات : 1440 معدل النشاط : 1268 التقييم : 51 الدبـــابة : الطـــائرة : المروحية :
| موضوع: رد: مؤلف " البرنامج النووي الإيراني " :- مصر لم تحدد بعد رؤيتها بشأن البرنامج النووي الإيراني السبت 20 أغسطس 2016 - 1:12 | | | يعني من الممكن مصر تحاول بناء منشئات نوويه او شي من هذا القبيل ؟ اذا هذا هو القصد! مصر من حقها ان تبني منشئات نوويه علي اراضيها و ماله دخل من بعيد او قريب بايران او دول الغربيه و اتفاقهم مع برنامج النووي الايراني نفس الشي السعودية من حقها بناء منشئات نوويه علي ارضيها |
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Hesham Elokda
مســـاعد
الـبلد : المزاج : هادئ التسجيل : 29/06/2015 عدد المساهمات : 463 معدل النشاط : 805 التقييم : 235 الدبـــابة : الطـــائرة : المروحية :
| موضوع: رد: مؤلف " البرنامج النووي الإيراني " :- مصر لم تحدد بعد رؤيتها بشأن البرنامج النووي الإيراني السبت 20 أغسطس 2016 - 23:08 | | | هذا لأن مصر و كما قال الرئيس في حوار سابق ليس لها أي موقف عدائي من ايران الا بسبب معاداة ايران لدول حليفة لمصر و مفتاح اعادة العلاقات بين ايران و مصر هي عبر اصلاح علاقة الأولى مع الخليج. |
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